import numpy as np ## x contains the sample of Tesla Model S ranges, in miles x = np.array([240, 241, 236, 240, 240]) ## STEP 1: Calculate the sample statistic ## STEP 2: Randomization distribution ## STEP 3: Calculate p-value. Direction of inequality agrees with Ha above!!! import numpy as np ## x contains the sample of Tesla Model S ranges, in miles x = np.array([240, 241, 236, 240, 240]) ## STEP 1: Calculate the sample statistic xbar = x.mean() print("Sample mean = ", xbar) ## STEP 2: Randomization distribution x_shift = x + (240 - xbar) # shift the sample so that the mean is equal to the null hypothesis mean value N = 1000 # number of bootstrap samples n = len(x) # sample size randmean = np.empty(N) for j in range(N): randmean[j] = np.random.choice(x_shift, size = n, replace = True).mean() ## STEP 3: Calculate p-value. Direction of inequality agrees with Ha above!!! print("p-value =", len(randmean[randmean <= xbar])/N)